Which learning process is also called Pavlovian conditioning, involving forming associations between two events to elicit a response?

Which learning process is also called Pavlovian conditioning, involving forming associations between two events to elicit a response?

• A. Operant conditioning
• B. Classical Conditioning
• C. Observational learning
• D. Latent learning

Answer: (B)

Forming an association between two events to trigger a response is classical conditioning, also called Pavlovian conditioning. In this learning process, a neutral stimulus (like a bell) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) that naturally elicits an unconditioned response (salivation). After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a conditioned response on its own, similar to the reflexive response originally triggered by the unconditioned stimulus. The classic example is the dog learning that the bell predicts food, so the bell alone causes salivation. This differs from other forms of learning: operant conditioning involves shaping voluntary behavior through consequences (reward or punishment); observational learning is learning by watching others; latent learning is knowledge acquired without reinforcement that isn’t demonstrated until a later moment.

Forming an association between two events to trigger a response is classical conditioning, also called Pavlovian conditioning. In this learning process, a neutral stimulus (like a bell) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) that naturally elicits an unconditioned response (salivation). After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a conditioned response on its own, similar to the reflexive response originally triggered by the unconditioned stimulus. The classic example is the dog learning that the bell predicts food, so the bell alone causes salivation.

This differs from other forms of learning: operant conditioning involves shaping voluntary behavior through consequences (reward or punishment); observational learning is learning by watching others; latent learning is knowledge acquired without reinforcement that isn’t demonstrated until a later moment.